Turbine



May 16, 1939'- w. P. VAN LAMMEREN 5 TURBINE Filed Feb. 18, 1957 Fig.1. IL 16 Patented May 16,1939 5 I I 2,158,557

Willem Petr-us van eren, Voorschoten, Netherlands Application February 18, E987, Serial No. 126,4iiii In Great Britain August 13, 1936 11 01a (in. 74-4895) This invention relates to hydraulic transmisobject of the invention, be 80' formed that the sion gears or torque converters of the Fiittlnger guide element can rotate, under the action of type. the fluid stream, at a higher speed than the An aim of the invention is to provide a speed driven element so that the epicyclic gear train 5 and torque converting medium between the vane rotates the driven shaft at a higher speed than 5 elements and their driven shaft, thus increasing the driving shaft. torque magnification and flexibility. Embodiments of the invention will now be de- A further aim of the invention is to provide scribed by way of example, with reference to the means connecting the vane elements to the driven accompanying drawing in which:

shaft which function constantly, that is, do not Fig. 1 is a part sectional elevation of a hy= it require mechanical engagement and disengage draulic transmission gear of the type described ment to efiect reversing, in my co-pending alication 107,245 dated 23rd An object of the invention is to provide a by- O be 1936 d o p at t e present indraulic transmission gear comprising two vane vention.

elements adapted to function alternately as figs. 2 and 3 are sectional and elevations taken driven and guide elements, an eplcycllc gear on the lines Il.'fi and m-m respectively of train whereof the sun wheel is connected to one Fig. 1. of said elements, the internally toothed annulus Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the drawing is connected to the other of said elements and the driving shaft is indicated byi and the driven the planetary wheels are carried by the driven shaft by The impeller 3 is carried by the shaft; and means for alternately braking against driving shaft I, and the intermediate driven vane rotation and releasing the said elements to cause wheel land guide vane wheel 5 are respectively them to exchange functions and thereby produce carried by a shaft 6 and a sleeve 1. The shaft 6 forward or reverse running of the drivenshaft; is rotatably journalled in the sleeve 1 and these the arrangement being such that the epicyclic are arranged in axial alignment with the shafts gear train between the vane elements an the I and 2. The driven vane wheel 4 has two series driven shaft produces in the latter, when 0 e of of vanes, via, 8 th t Sta e S r s nd 9 the 2nd the said elements is braked against rotation, an stag series. increased torque at correspondingly reduced At the ends of the shaft 6 and sleeve I are re 0 speed relative to the rotating element. spectively carried the sun wheel l0 and inter- In order that speed reduction of the driven nally toothed annulus ll of an epicyclic gear shaft through the epicyclic gear train may only train, of which the planetary wheels l2 are rooperate substantially when relatively heavy loads tatable on spindles l3 carried by a flange ll of are imposed on the driven shaft, as, for example, the driven shaft 2.

, when starting under load, a further object of the A ring I! encirolesfthe guide vane wheel 5 and invention is to provide a one way or free-wheel constitutes, in conjunction with the rollers It, a clutch interposed between the vane element freewheel brakefor the said guide vane wheel; which functions as the guide element during and brakes, comprising brake bands I! operable forward operation and the means for braking by levers IO'throughrightand left-hand screws same, the clutch being adapted, in conjunction l9, encircle the ring I! and driven vane wheel 4. 40

with the braking means, to hold said element The arrangement of the aforesaid brakes and against rotation in the reverse direction and to the free-wheel brake is such that application of permit said element to rotate in the forward dithe brake to the driven vane wheel 4 causes the rection, so that a decrease of load on the driven latter to be held against rotation in either direc- I5 shaft causes the guide element torotate in 9. tion and application of the brake to the ring I6 forward direction under the varied action of the causes the guide vane wheel to be held against fluid stream, thus correspondingly rotating the rotation in the direction indicated by arrow 11 sun wheel or internally toothed annulus, which (Fig. 3) but allows of its rotation in the opposite ever it is connected to and producing an increase direction. The operation of the apparatus is as of speed of the driven shaft. follows. I

In order to produce an over-drive" effect, For forward operation, 1. e., clockwise rotation i. e., a speed of driven shaft in excess of the speed of shafts l and 2 looking in direction of arrow 1) of the driving shaft when relatively light loads (Fig. 1) the brake is applied to the rim I5 enare imposed on the driven shaft the vanes of the circling the guide vane wheel 5, the other brake 6 vane elements may, in accordance with a further being released. The fluid discharged by the impeller l impinges on the 1st stage vanes 8 of the driven vane wheel 4, driving the latter in a forward direction. The fiuid then passes through the guide vane wheel 5 and the 2nd stage vanes 9 of the driven vane wheel and hence back to the impeller.

When a heavy torque is imposed on the driven shaft 2 the speed of the driven vane wheel 4 is low relative to the impeller speed and the direction of whirl of the fluid discharged from the said driven vane wheel is counterclockwise (according to arrow a). The guide vane member 5 is therefore held stationary by means of the freewheel clutch and it deflects the energised fiu'id to impinge on the 2nd stage vanes 9 of the driven vane wheel 4. Under these conditions the toothed annulus II is held stationary by the guide vane wheel 5, the sun wheel l rotates with the driven vane wheel 4 and the planetary wheels l3 rotate the driven shaft 2 at a reduced speed and correspondingly increased torque relative to the driven vane wheel.

With a decreasing torque imposed on the driven shaft 2 its speed, together with the speed of the driven vane wheel, correspondingly increases relative to the impeller and the aforesaid whirl in a counterclockwise direction diminishes finally changing to and increasing in a clockwise direction. Thus, at a predetermined torque on the driven shaft 2 the energy of the fluid discharged from the 1st stage vanes 8 of the driven vane wheel 4, directed in a clockwise direction into the guide vane wheel 5, is suflicient to overcome the reaction imposed on the toothed annulus II by the driven shaft and the guide vane wheel and toothed annulus are driven in a clockwise direction. The speeds of clockwise rotation of the sun wheel IB and toothed annulus ll thereafter increases with decreasing torque in the driven shaft 2 and consequently the latter is driven at an increasing speed relative to the driving shaft I.

To obtain reverse operation the brake is released from the ring II and the corresponding brake applied to the driven vane wheel 4 whereupon the driven and guide vane wheels 4 and 5.

exchange functions the former, together with the sun wheel II being held stationary and the latter rotating with the toothed annulus H in a counter-clockwise direction. Thus the driven shaft 2 is driven by the epicyclic gear train in the reverse direction at reduced speed and corresponding increased torque relative to the guide vane wheel.

The vanes of the guide vane wheel may be so formed that said wheel can rotate, under the action of the fluid stream, at such higher speed than the impeller I that the epicyclic gear train rotates the driven shaft 2 at a higher speed than that of the driving shaft I when relatively light loads areimposedon the driven shaft, thus giving an .over-drive" effect to the hydraulic transmission gear.

Itis to be understood that the invention need not be restricted to hydraulic transmission gears or torques converters of the reversible type as it is equally applicable to the non-reversible type. In this latter case the driven and guide vane wheels would not exchange functions and the means for braking them against rotation would be dispensed with.. The one-way clutch would however, be fitted to the guide vane wheel in order to hold it stationary or allow it to rotate in a forward direction in accordance with the load on the driven shaft.

I claim:

1. An hydraulic power transmission of the Hittinger type comprising a driving and a driven element, an impeller vane member on the drivin element, a rotatable vane member adjacentthe impeller and a second rotatable vane member adjacent the first rotatable vane member, said vane members cooperating to form a fluid-power transmitting circuit, means for selectively preventing rotation of either of said first and second rotatable vane members and an epicyclic gear of which a planet wheel is carried by said driven element and the sun wheel and annulus are respectively connected to the said rotatable vane members.

2. An hydraulic power transmission of the Fottinger type, comprising a driving and a driven element, an impeller on the driving element, a rotatable vane member adjacent the impeller and a second rotatable vane member adjacent the first rotatable vane member, said vane members cooperating to form a fluid-power transmitting circuit, means for preventing rotation of said first rotatable member, means for preventing rotation of the second rotatable member in the reverse direction to that of the first member and an epicyclic gear of which the planet wheels are carried by the driven element and the annulus and sun wheel are respectively connected to said two rotatable vane members.

3. An hydraulic power transmission of the Hittinger type, comprising a driving and a driven element, an impeller on the driving element, a

- rotatable vane member adjacent the impeller and a second rotatable vane member adiacent the first rotatable vane member, said vane members cooperating to form a fluid-power transmitting circuit brake means for preventing rotation of said-first member, a one-way brake device for preventing rotation of the second member in the direction reverse to that of the first member, and an epicyclic gear of which a planet wheel is carried by the driven element and the annulus and sun wheel of said gear are respectively connected to said two rotatable vane members.

.4. An hydraulic power transmission of the Fattinger type. comprising a driving and a driven element, an impeller on the driving element, a rotatable vane member adjacent the impeller and a second rotatable vane member adjacent the first rotatable vane member, said vane members cooperating to form a fluid-power transmitting circuit, the vanes of said second vane member being formed so that it can rotate under the action of the fiuid stream at a greater speed than the impeller, means for preventing rotation of said first rotatable member, means for preventing rotation of the second rotatable member in the reverse direction to that of the first member and an epicyclic gear of which a planet wheel is carried by the driven element and the annulus and sun wheel of said gear are respectively connected to said two rotatable vane members.

5. An hydraulic power transmission of the Fattinger type, comprising a driving and a driven element, a driving vane member on the driving element, a rotatable vane member adjacent the driving vane member and a second rotatable vane member adjacent the first rotatable vane member, said vane members cooperating to form a fluid-power transmitting circuit, a one-way brake device for preventing rotation of the second rotatable member in the direction reverse to that of the first rotatable member, and an epicyclic gear of which a planet wheel is carried by the driven element and the annulus and sun wheel of said gear are respectively connected to said two rotatable vane members, the vanes of said second rotatable vane member being formed to give an overdrive effect to the said member with reference to the driving vane member.

6. An hydraulic power transmission of the Fiittinger type, comprising a driving and a driven element, a driving vane member on thedriving element, a rotatable vane member adjacent the driving vane member and a second rotatable vane member adjacent the first rotatable vane member, said vane members cooperating to form a fluidpower transmitting circuit, means for preventing rotation of the second rotatable member in the reverse direction to that of the first rotatable member and an epicyclic gear of which a planet wheel is carried by the driven element and the annulus and sun wheel of said gear are respectively connected to said two rotatable vane members.

7. An hydraulic power transmission of the Hittinger type, comprising a driving and a driven element, a driving vane member on the driving element, a rotatable vane member adjacent the driving vane member and a second rotatable vane member adjacent the first rotatable vane member, said vane members cooperating to form a fluid-power transmitting circuit, a brake for said first rotatable member, means for operating said brake, a rotatable element on said second rotatable member, a one-way coupling between said rotatable element and the vane member, a brake for said rotatable element and means for operating said'brake and an epicyclic gear whereof the planet wheels are carried by the driven element, the sun wheel and the internally toothed annulus are respectively carried by said rotatable vane members.

8. In combination with an hydraulic power transmission of the Fottlnger type, comprising a,

ment on said second rotatable member, a oneway coupling between said rotatable element and the last mentioned vane member, a brake for said rotatable element and means for operating said brake, a shaft on which the first rotatable vane member is mounted and a sleeve on the second rotatable vane member rotatably mounted on said shaft and an epicyclic gear of which the planet wheels are carried by the driven shaft, the sun wheel is carried by said second mentioned shaft and the internally toothed annulus is carried by said sleeve.

9. An hydraulic transmission gear comprising in combination a driving shaft, a driven shaft, an impeller on the driving shaft, a vane member on the driven shaft, an intermediate vane-member these vane members being adapted to function alternately as driven and guide elements, a gear connecting the first mentioned vane member with the driven shaft and braking means adapted to act on both the vane members and means for applying and releasing the brakes.

10. An hydraulic transmission gear comprising in combination a driving shaft, a driven shaft, an impeller on the driving shaft, two independently rotatable vane-carrying members, a fixed casing, a peripheral brake surface on each member, a brake band for each surface and held by the casing, means for operating said brake bands and an epicyclic gear whose planet wheels are carried by the driven shaft and an internally toothed annulus and sun wheel respectively connected to said vane-carrying members.

11. An hydraulic transmission gear comprising in combination a driving shaft, a driven shaft, an impeller on the driving shaft, two independently rotatable vane-carrying members, a one way clutch on one member, a peripheral brake surface on the clutch, a peripheral brake surface on one of the members, brake bands adapted to act on the surfaces, means for applying the brakes alternately, and an epicyclic gear whose planet wheels are carried by the driven shaft and an internally toothed annulus and sun wheel respectively connected to said vane carrying members.

WILLEM PETRUS VAN LAMMEREN. 

